Banber Erevani hamalsarani. Iravagitut'yun.
| E - ISSN | : | 2738-2605 |
| P - ISSN | : | 1829-4561 |
About the Journal
Articles of current interest on various issues of jurisprudence are published in the Journal. As a rule, these are the results of the research aimed to the improvement of RA legislation. The purpose of the journal is to contribute to the improvement and development of RA legislation. The Editorial Board of the journal always looks into widening the range of the authors, inviting the researchers from universities all around the world.
Current Issue
Vol. 2 (2026): Special Issue
Full Issue
Articles
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Articles
THE HISTORY OF THE FORMATION AND THE ROLE OF LEGAL CLINICS: A CASE STUDY OF THE YEREVAN STATE UNIVERSITY LEGAL CLINIC
AbstractThe scientific article explores the historical evolution and development of legal clinics as student-led legal counseling centers. It
examines the origins and global proliferation of the term "legal clinic," highlighting its integration into leading universities worldwide. The research emphasizes the dual significance of legal clinics- educational and social- focusing on their role in equipping law students with practical professional skills and in providing free, high-quality legal assistance to socially vulnerable populations.A significant part of the article focuses on the foundation and evolution of clinical legal education at the Faculty of Law of Yerevan State University, highlighting its origins, key developmental milestones, and the breadth of its current activities.
ReferencesАрсланов К.М., Демиева А.Г., Значение идей Д. И. Мейера для современного юридического
образования // Lex Russica. 2019. № 8. стр.17-26.
Гинцяк, Л.Ф. Юридическая клиника: теория, практика, методика. Учебное пособие / Л. Ф.
Гинцяк, В.Н. Ильченко, А.С. Шабуров; Урал. гос. пед. ун-т; под ред. К. А. Шпека.
Екатеринбург, 2018, 75 стр.
Мамин, А.С., Усов, И.С. Теоретико-правовой анализ развития юридического клинического
образования в России / А.С. Мамин, И.С. Усов Общество и право. 2010. № 5. стр. 27–30.
Мейер Д.И. О значении практики в системе современного юридического образования / Орд.
проф. имп. Казан. ун-та Дмитрия Мейера. Казань: тип. Ун-та, 1855, 50 стр.
Frank J., "Why Not a Clinical Lawyer-School?". University of Pennsylvania Law Review and American Law
Register, Vol. 81, No. 8 (Jun., 1933), pp. 907-923; https://www.jstor.org/stable/3308391
Johnstone Q․, Law school and legal aid clinics. Journal of Legal Education, Summer, Association of
American Law Schools, 1951, Vol. 3, No. 4, pp. 535-554 https://www.jstor.org/stable/42890509
Krannich J․, Holbrook J․, McAdams J., Beyond Thinking Like a Lawyer‘ and the Traditional Legal
Paradigm: Toward a Comprehensive View of Legal Education, Denver Law Review, Vol. 86, No.
2, 2009, 25 pages
https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2446685
Lozanovska I․S․, Stanojoska A․, Ilijevski I․, Goran I․, Access to Justice Through Clinical Legal
Education: A Case Study of the Faculty of Law, UKLO Bitola, North Macedonia, Journal of Legal
and Political Education, Volume 1, Number 1, 2024, pp. 19-34.
https://doi.org/10.47305/JLPE2411019shl
Ogilvy J.P., Celebrating CLEPR’s 40th Anniversary: The Early Development of Clinical Legal
Education and Legal Ethics Instruction in U.S. Law Schools. Clinical Law Review, Vol. 16:1, Fall
2009, 21 pages
Wilson R.J., The Global Evolution of Clinical Legal Education: More than a Method. New York,
Cambridge University Press, 2017, 360 pages
Համացանցային ռեսուրսներ
Ամերիկյան իրավաբանների ասոցիացիայի կայք, https://www.americanbar.org
Արդարադատության կրթության գլոբալ դաշինքի կայք, https://www.gaje.org/
ԵՊՀ իրավաբանական կլինիկայի կայք, https://www.ysu.am/sci/565
ԵՊՀ իրավաբանական կլինիկայի ֆեյսբուքյան էջ,
https://www.facebook.com/LegalClinicYSU/?locale=hy_AM
Եվրոպական կլինիկական իրավաբանական կրթության ցանցի կայք,
https://www.encle.eu/about-us/what-is-encle
Իրավաբանական կլինիկական կրթության ասոցիացիայի կայք (ԱՄՆ), https://www.cleouk.
org/about-cleo/
Իրավաբանական կլինիկական կրթության կազմակերպության կայք (Մեծ Բրիտանիա),
https://www.cleo-uk.org/about-cleo/
Լեհաստանի իրավաբանական կլինիկաների հիմնադրամ, https://www.fupp.org.pl
Հարավային Աֆրիկայի համալսարանական իրավաբանական կլինիկաների
ասոցիացիայի, կայք https://www.saulca.co.za/aulai-trust
Հարվարդի իրավաբանական դպրոցի կայք, https://hls.harvard.edu/clinics/externship-clinics/
Հնդկաստանի փաստաբանների խորհրդի կայք,
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Articles
LEGAL FOUNDATIONS OF LEGAL CLINICS' ACTIVITIES IN THE REPUBLIC OF ARMENIA
AbstractLegal clinics traditionally fulfill two main missions-educational and social- serving as a unique model of legal education and of legal aid provision. At the same time, it is evident that the effectiveness of legal clinics' activities is largely conditioned by the presence of necessary and sufficient functional, structural, procedural, and material prerequisites. Moreover, in order to grant these prerequisites an institutional character, it is essential to provide them with appropriate legal regulation.
Based on theoretical sources, Armenian legislation, and both international and domestic practices, this article presents the role and significance of legal clinics, explores the content of the concept of a “legal clinic,” analyses their educational and social functions, and discusses the essential preconditions for their effective operation.
A separate subject of discussion has been the insufficient level of legislation regulating the activities of legal clinics, including limitations on students involved in legal clinics to carry out court representation, the absence of effective tools for obtaining evidence necessary for legal assistance, the lack of requirements ensuring client confidence in the clinic, such as professional conduct rules for the clinic, and others.
In the article, the authors present a number of scientific-practical conclusions that can serve as guidelines for improving the effectiveness of legal clinics' activities and further development of the clinical education system.
ReferencesHayastani Hanrapetutyan Sahmanadrutyun, yndunvel e 05.07.1995 t. Amboghjutyamb verasharadrvel
e 06.12.2015 t. Tes HHPT 2015.12.21/ Hatuk togharkum Hod. 1118։
Mardu iravunqneri yev himnarar azatutyunneri pashtpanutyan masin yevropakan konventsia, yndunvel
e 04.11.1950 t. Tes HHPT 2002.06.05/17(192) Hod. 367։
HH qaghaqaciakan datavarutyan orensgirq, yndunvel e 09.02.2018 t. Uzhi mej e mtel 09.04.2018 t. Tes
HHPT 2018.03.05/16(1374) Hod. 208։
HH qreakan datavarutyan orensgirq, yndunvel e 30.06.2021 t’. Uzhi mej e mtel 01.07.2022 t. Tes
Miasnakan kayq 2021.07.26–2021.08.08, Pashtonakan hraparakman ory 28.07.2021։
HH varchakan datavarutyan orensgirq, yndunvel e 05.12.2013 t. Uzhi mej e mtel 07.01.2014 t. Tes
HHPT 2013.12.28/73(1013).1 Hod. 1186.1։
«Pastabanutyan masin» orenk, yndunvel e 14.12.2004 t. Uzhi mej e mtel 22.01.2005 t. Tes HHPT
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««Pastabanutyan masin» orenkum popokhutyunner yev lracumner katarelu masin» orenk’, yndunvel e
05.10.2022 t. Uzhi mej e mtel 06.11.2022 t. Tes Miasnakan kayq 2022.10.17–2022.10.30։
Sahmanadrakan datarani 2008 t. hoktemberi 8-i tiv SDO-765 voroshum։
Sahmanadrakan datarani 2025 tvakani aprili 16-i tiv SDO-1776 voroshum։
Akashkina T. G., Byshov D. V., Funktsii yuridicheskoy kliniki, Ogaryov-Online, (2015), 5 (46).
Fedyunina T. V., Pravovaya klinika kak obrazovatelnyy proekt v podgotovke budushchikh yuristov,
Vestnik Yuzhno-Uralskogo gosudarstvennogo gumanitarno-pedagogicheskogo universiteta, (2014),
(4). Franz H., Clinical legal education as an instrument to address access to justice: A critical analysis of
the clinical movement in Germany, International Journal of Clinical Legal Education, Practice Report,
2023.
Kemp V., Munk T., Gower S., Clinical legal education and experiential learning: Looking to the future,
2016.
Khudoykina T. V., Kuptsova O. V., Eticheskiy kodeks kak korporativniy akt yuridicheskoy kliniki,
Problemi v rossiyskom zakonodatelstve, Yuridicheskiy zhurnal, (2015), (5).
Kivalov S., Legal clinics as an important element of human right for free legal aid, Revista de Derecho,
(2019), Vol. 8.
Klimkina Yu. A., Deyatelnost yuridicheskikh klinik v otnoshenii nesovershennoletnikh lits, Nauka i
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Lin L., Research on the specificity, orderliness, and effectiveness of legal clinic education, Higher
Education and Practice, 2024, Vol. 1, No. 5.
Ozernikova T. G., Smirnova I. G., Teterina L. A., Osobennosti razvitiya yuridicheskikh klinik v
sovremennykh usloviyakh i ikh mesto v obrazovatelnom klastere, Izvestiya Baykalskogo
gosudarstvennogo universiteta, (2015), 25 (2).
Panga E. V., Konokin D. V., Organizatsiya raboty studentov v yuridicheskoy klinike i ikh motivatsiya:
Osobennosti okazaniya besplatnoy pravovoy pomoshchi naseleniyu, Pravo i upravlenie, (2023), (9).
Sitnikova K. O., Kotryakhov N. V., Obuchayushchaya funktsiya yuridicheskoy kliniki, Kontsept,
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The Clinical Legal Education Handbook, edited by Thomas L., Johnson N., Institute of Advanced Legal
Studies, University of London Press, 2020.
Tishkovich K. S., Fenomen doveriya kak faktor effektivnosti pravovoy pomoshchi v praktike
yuridicheskikh klinik, Prikladnaya yuridicheskaya psikhologiya, (2023), 1 (62).
Tishkovich K. S., Innovatsionnyy podkhod k yuridicheskomu klinicheskomu obucheniyu: Problemy i
perspektivy, Vestnik Omskogo universiteta, Seriya «Pravo», (2021), 18 (1).
Trofimova M. S., Mekhanizmy vzaimodeystviya yuridicheskikh klinik i gosudarstvennykh organov:
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(65).
Wilson R., The global evolution of clinical legal education: More than a method, Cambridge,
Cambridge University Press, 2017.
Winkler E., Clinical legal education: A report on the concept of law clinics, 2013.
Wizner S., The Law School Clinic: Legal Education in the interests of justice, 70 Fordham L. Rev.,
(2002).
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Articles
THE STREET LAW PROGRAM AS A TYPE OF ALTERNATIVE EDUCATION AND A MEANS OF RAISING LEGAL AWARENESS IN SOCIETY
AbstractThis article explores the Street Law program implemented by the Legal Clinic as a compelling model of alternative legal education and an effective instrument for raising public legal awareness. It delves into the origins and development of non-formal education, shedding light on its unique characteristics and the methods of its application—particularly within the framework of clinical legal education.
Special attention is given to the dual educational effect of the program: on one hand, it equips law students with hands-on, practice-oriented training, and on the other, it helps enhance legal literacy among diverse social groups that may lack access to formal legal education. Grounded in both theoretical insights and practical experiences, the article argues that Street Law serves not merely as an innovative pedagogical tool, but also as a powerful vehicle for advancing the rule of law, nurturing civic engagement, and cultivating a legally informed society.
ReferencesCoombs P. (1968) The World Educational Crisis, New York, Oxford University Press:
Directory of Registered Law School-Based Street Law Programs, Street L.,
https://streetlaw.org/en/Page/858/Directory_of_Registered_Law_SchoolBased_Street_%20Law_
Programs
Fordham, P.E. (1993) "Informal, non-formal and formal education programmes" in YMCA George
Williams College ICE301 Lifelong Learning Unit 2, London: YMCA George Williams College.
Georgetown University Law Center. Clinical Graduate Fellowship Opportunities in Teaching and
Advocacy (1996)
https://streetlaw.org/who-we-are/about/history/:
Mark C. Alexander, Law-Related Education: Hope for Today’s Students, 20 OHIO N.U.L. Rev. 57,
57 (1993)
Patricia Ewick, Susan Silbey, “Sociology of legal consciousness and hegemony”
Starting a Street Law Program, Street
L., http://www.streetlaw.org/en/Page/22/Starting_a_Street_Law_Program
Steps for Starting a Program, Street L., http://www.streetlaw.org/en/ ProgramStart
UNESCO-Non-Formal Education: A Conceptual Exploration, OECD-The Definition and Selection of
Competencies (DeSeCo), https://www.hmhco.com/
Vagarshyan A․, Petutyan ev iravunqi tesutyun, Yer․, 2011.
Малько А. В. Теория государства и права. М., Проспект, 2025.
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Articles
THE ROLE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF THE LEGAL CLINIC OF THE ACADEMY OF ADVOCATES OF RA AS AN INTEGRAL PART OF THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS AND PLATFORM FOR PROVIDING FREE LEGAL AID
AbstractThis article presents the Legal Clinic of the Academy of Advocacy as an educational and free legal assistance platform, its main features, as well as similarities and differences in comparison with legal clinics of higher educational institutions.
The article also presents the history and development of the formation of the legal clinic, the approaches of various legal scholars to the role, significance and functions of the legal clinic.The article presents a proposal to introduce a model for pre-registration of persons applying to the clinic and the preliminary presentation of the legal problem in writing, leaving the definition of the registration format and deadlines to the discretion of the organization carrying out clinical activities, which in turn will contribute to the provision of higher-quality legal assistance and more
effective time management.ReferencesВалериевна Г.Ю., Нариманович М.Р., Юридическая клиника как метод практического обучения
будущих юристов. Мир науки. Педагогика и психология, 2019, №5, Том 7, ISSN 2558-6282
Люблинский А.И. О юридических клиниках. Российское понимание термина «юридическая
клиника» // А.И.Люблинский//Журнал Министерства Юстиции.-1901.-КН. 1.-С. 175-
181//https://codolc.com/bookslib/O_juridicheskikh_klinikakh/O_yuridicheskih_klinikah_ross
iyskoe_ponimanie_termina
Dubchak, N.S. (2012). Classification of legal clinics: a theoretical analysis. Bulletin of the Academy of
Advocacy of Ukraine, 25(3), 198-200
Goncharenko, V.O. Legal Clinic. History and definitions. Practice of Legal Clinics of Ukraine, 1,
2004
Mimoso, M.J., Anjos, M.R. & Miranda, C (2018). Legal clinics, a challenge for the teaching of law.
New Trends and Issues Proceedings on Humanities and Social Sciences, ISSN 2547-8818
The Legal Clinic. The Idea, Organization, Methodology, Warsaw 2005, ISBN 83-7387-685-5
Polyakov, M.B. (2010). The history of legal clinics and clinical legal education. Russian Law Journal,
2, 6-68.
Kozenko, Y. (2009). Law clinics: learning by helping. Law Student, 6(5), 22-23.
Serhii Kivalov. Legal Clinics as an important element of human right for free legal aid. 2019, ISSN:
1370-7794
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Articles
ADVANCES IN LEGAL EDUCATION: THE ROLE OF LAW CLINICS IN PROMOTING CONSTITUTIONAL VALUES, HUMAN RIGHTS, AND PROFESSIONAL EXCELLENCE (USING THE EIU LAW CLINIC AS AN EXAMPLE)
AbstractThis article discusses the current state of legal education, highlighting the gap between theoretical instruction and the
development of practical skills. While universities tend to overemphasize theoretical knowledge, recent educational reforms - such as the Bologna Process - sometimes undermine the understanding of fundamental legal theories and values essential for the professional development of future lawyers.The relevance of this study lies in the urgent need to align legal education with the demands of human rights protection, the promotion of social justice, and the elimination of discrimination. The aim of the study is to propose a reform model that bridges the gap between theory and practice by integrating legal clinics into the curriculum.
The authors argue that legal clinics serve as effective educational tools, allowing students to engage with real cases, critically assess the legal system, and develop the skills necessary for legal practice. The findings of the study show that clinics not only enhance students’ practical abilities but also foster a deeper understanding of the ethical and social dimensions of legal work.
This study contributes to the discourse on legal clinics as a model of experiential education and is also considered a strategy for improving the training of legal professionals to better meet the needs of contemporary society.
ReferencesБондарь, Н. С. (2023). Конституционализм - базовое начало юридического образования //
Вестник Московского университета. Серия 11. Право. № 6, с․ 4-28, DOI:
10.55959/MSU0130-0113-11-64-6-1 (01.07.2025)․
Поляков, М. Б. (2010). История возникновения юридических клиник и клинического
юридического образования // Российский юридический журнал. № 2, с․ 66–68,
obrazovaniya/viewer (01.07.2025)․
Andrés Gascón Cuenca (2022). El currículo del grado en derecho, los valores fundamentales del
ordenamiento jurídico y la educación jurídica clínica: una reformulación de prospectiva․ Revista de
educación y derecho. Número 25 Abril 2022-Septiembre, DOI: 10.1344/REYD2022.25.35970
(03.07.2025)․
Bloch, F. S. (2011). The global clinical movement: Educating lawyers for social justice. Oxford
University Press.
Garben, S. (2012). The Bologna Process: From a European Law Perspective. European Law Journal,
18(3), էջ 382–403, DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-0386.2009.00503.x (03.07.2025)․
García De Enterría, Luis Díez-Picazo, Aurelio Menéndez, Francisco Laporta, Enrique Gimbernat,
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Giddings, Jeff (2013). Promoting Justice Through Clinical Legal Education. Justice Press.
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Articles
PROBLEMS AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS OF THE LEGAL CLINIC IN THE HIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEM
AbstractThe relevance of the research is determined by the problems of legal clinic activities and the need to introduce effective mechanisms aimed at overcoming them in the higher education system, which can be based on the best practices of European legal clinics, which were studied in this research.
The purpose of the research is to identify the problems related to the activities of legal clinics and propose mechanisms aimed at solving them in the context of the prospective development of legal clinical education in the Republic of Armenia.The authors' results of the research lead to the substantiation of the hypotheses put forward in the introduction of the research, that:
1. legal clinical courses in the RA universities should be mandatory in the curriculum for motivating more students to get involved in the activities of the clinic,2. legal clinics of universities should receive financial or other support from the state, which will strengthen the relationship between the state and the higher educational institutions. The theoretical results of the research can be used in the theoretical studies dedicated to the problems of legal clinical education, as well as in the process of improving the legislation regarding the legal clinics in the system of higher education of RA.
ReferencesHH oʿrənkʿə «Pastabanutʿyan masin», əndunvac e 2004 tʿvakani dektemberi 14-in
https://www.arlis.am/documentview.aspx?docid=110603
Clinical Legal Education in Central and Eastern Europe: Selected Case Studies. DOI:
10.4324/9781003348399-11Marianna Rostas, Barbara Namyslowka. Oxford Academic.
November 10.p.11.academic.oup.com
Journal of Educational and Social Research www.richtmann.org Vol 15 No 1 January 2025
Clinical Legal Education: The Role and Challenges in Enhancing Access to Justice.
https:doi.org/10,36941/lesr-2025-0016 Nadia Rusi1 Ilda Kovaçi Melo2 file, p. 42.
Bartoli, C. (2016). Legal Clinics in Europe: For a Commitment of Higher Education in Social
Justice. Diritto&QuestioniPubbliche, Special Issue, May 2016 p.22,
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Clinical Legal Education in Croatia. From providing legal assistance to the poor to practical
education of students. DOI:10,19164/ijcle.v19io.36 Barbara Preloznjak.2014.p.5,
researchgate.net
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Articles
THE EXPERIENCE AND FEATURES OF CLINICAL EDUCATION AT 'PROGRESS' UNIVERSITY
AbstractThe article is dedicated to the educational experience and distinctive features of the legal clinic at "Progress" University in Armenia. It explores the clinic's role as an educational and social institution, its functions, working methods, and contribution to students' practical preparedness. Special attention is given to the clinic's educational and social functions, as well as its role in the professional development of future lawyers.
ReferencesAkashkina T.G., Byshova D.V. Funktsii yuridicheskoi kliniki // [Ėlektronnyi istochnik]. – Dostupen:
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Gyumru iravabanakan klinika. [Ėlektronayin aghbyur]. – Artsʿants hasaneli e:
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// Integratsiya obrazovaniya. – 2014. – T. 18. – № 1 (74). – s. 19–24.
Mychalov A.N., Korovina I.A., Durov I.I. O funktsiyakh yuridicheskikh klinik v Rossii // Vestnik
Uralʹskogo instituta ekonomiki, upravleniya i prava. – 2010. – s. 5–12.
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Wilson, R. (2010). Beyond Legal Imperialism: US Clinical Legal Education and the New Law and
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Zadneprovskaya M.V. Yuridicheskaya klinika v realizatsii kompetentnostnogo podkhoda pri
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